ื›ืจืžื™ ืžื‘ื•ืจืš

ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœ"ื›ืจืžื™ ืžื‘ื•ืจืš", ื›ืจื ื•ื—ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช

ืžื™ ืื ื™?

ื™ืœื™ื“ 1954 ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ืง ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื ื’ื‘ ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื’ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ ืขื“ ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืืคืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2005 ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื•ืœืงื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ื– ืฆื•ืจื‘ ืžืžืคืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ 8 ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืชืจ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื—ืœ ืฉื•ืจืง .  ื‘ 2017 ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœื“ืจื•ื, ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื™ืชืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ 

 ืžืฉืคื—ื” - ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœืงืจืŸ ( ืฉืคื™ื’ืœ ) ืื‘ ืœ 5 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื ืœื ื›ื“ื™ื. 

ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื - ืžืกืขื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ , ื˜ื‘ืข ( ืฆืžื—ื™ื , ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื ื•ืฆืคื•ืจื™ื ), ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ ื’'ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ . ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืฆื™ืœื•ื - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื ื•ืฃ 

ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ - ื”ื›ื ืช ื™ื™ืŸ , ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืžืงืฆื•ืข ืขื™ืงืจื™ . 

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ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ >>

ื”ื›ืจื

ื ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 2014 ืขืจื‘ ืฉื ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื˜ื•-ื‘ืื‘ 


ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช 2015-2016  ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจืœื” ื ื•ืฆืœื• ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืคื ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืงืŸ  ืœื”ื›ื™ื ื ืœื”ื ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” 

ื‘ืชื•ื ืฉื ืช 2016 [ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจืœื” ] ื”ื’ืคื ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื•ืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื” ืื•ืœื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ืคื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ.


ืขื•ื ืช 2017 – ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ – ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ 

ืฉื ืช 2017 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ืช ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™  [ ืฉื ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื ืžื™ื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืขืชื• ]  ื•ืžื›ืืŸ  ื”ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื ื‘ืฉื ื”  ื–ื•  ื”ื™ื” "ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื " ื•ื‘ื˜ืงืก ืžืจื’ืฉ ื•ืžืจืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืœืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืจื™ ืœืคืจื™ ื—ื•ืœ ืจื’ื™ืœ  ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื  .

ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ืจื ื› 51 ื“ื•ื ื  ื”ื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื   ื ื‘ืฆืจื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืงื‘ื™ ื˜ืคืจื‘ืจื’ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื˜ืจืืกื” ื—ืœืงื  ื ืžื›ืจื• ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉ  ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ื–ื ื™ื  ืฃ ืคื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ืจื“ื• , ื‘ืจื‘ืจื”,ืžืจืกืœืŸ ื•ื–ื™ื ืคื“ืœ  ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื›ืจื  ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ  ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ .


ื‘ืฆื™ืจ  2017 

ื›ืฆืคื•ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ  ืžื”ื›ืจื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›60% ืžื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ  ื•ืื›ืŸ ืขื ืชื•ื ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื› 35 ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื›ืจื  ืคืจื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื”  ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช  ื•ื—ืžื™ืฆื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” (   PH ืคื—ื•ืช ืž  4  ื‘ื™ืŸ 3.6 – 3.9 ) – 

 ื”ื–ืŸ ืฉืจื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™  .

ื”ืžืœื‘ืง  - ื”ืชืคืชื— ื™ืคื”  ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืžื•ืช ืคืจื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืœื ื”ื”ื‘ืฉืœื” ื ืชืงืขื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื  ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ ื–ืžืŸ  ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืฆืจื ื•  ืœืคื ื™ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ืฉืœื” ืื•ืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” 

ื”ืฉื™ืจืื– ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคืจื™  ืฆื‘ืขื• ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื•  ื•ื ื‘ืฆืจ  ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื•  ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื‘ืจื ื” ืคืจื ืง  ืฉืืžื ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช .

ื—ืœืงืช ืžื•ืกืงื˜ ื”ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื•ื ื™  ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื›ื™ืื” ืœื’ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 3 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช  ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื™ืื” ืœืžื•ืกืงื˜ 

ื‘ื˜ืจืืกื” 

ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ื ื• ื ื•ืืจ  -ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ืคืจื™  ื ืžื›ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืžืžื ื• ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื” 

ื’ื ืฉืืจ ื”ื–ื ื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ืžื”ื ื•ืชืจ : ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื‘ ืžืื•ืœืชืจ .


ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ >>

ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”  -  ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช

ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื

  • ืžื’ื“ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื›ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื™ื ื™ืงื‘ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ืžืขื ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืจื .

ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื

  • ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ืฅ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืฉื˜ื— ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ื“ืงื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช – ื•ืžืฉ"ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . 

ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื•ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื

  • ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” . ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื•ืžืœื•ื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ - ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช , ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื , ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืžืืชืจ ื•ืžืคืชื— ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื’ืจื• ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื•ื‘ืงืจื” , ื—ื™ืฉื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ .

ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื•"ืค

  • ื ื™ื”ืœืชื™ ืžื•"ืค ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืชืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืช ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืงืช ืขื•ืœื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื“ืจืš ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” , ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืงื•ืก ื‘ืžื•ื–ืžื‘ื™ืง ืฉื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืขื“ ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• . ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” . ื”ืงืžืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื’'ื˜ืจื•ืคื” ( ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ ื–ืจืขื™ื ืขืชื™ืจื™ ืฉืžื ื™ื ) ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื•ื’ื ื—ืœืงื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” ( ืฆ'ืืงื• , ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื ืก , ืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืก ื•ืคื•ืจืžื•ื–ื” ) . ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืคืงืช ืžืืกืช ืฉืžื ื™ื ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ืคื˜ื’ื•ื ื™ื”.๏ปฟ

ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ

  • ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ  ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ  ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ  ืžืฉ"ื‘ – ืกื™ื ื“ืงื• – ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื  ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืจืงื•ืช  .๏ปฟ

ืžืงื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื...

  • ืžืงื™ื , ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ื , ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ , ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.

ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ืงืœืื™ ื•ื™ื–ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื

ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืขื“ืฉื”